Nɛgɛ dilanni baarakɛyɔrɔw la i n’a fɔ mobili dilanni, so kɔnɔ minɛn minnu ka bon-, ani minɛnw dilanni minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛn tigitigiw ye, nɛgɛ min tɛ sɔgɔ, o bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ a ka sɔgɔli kunbɛncogo ɲuman n’a ka masinko ɲuman kosɔn.
Nka, k’a sababu Kɛ a wulicogo ka bon, a ka funteni-taama dɔgɔyali, ani a ka funteni-sɛgɛsɛgɛli, laadalaspot welding (yɔrɔ sɔgɔli).(resistance welding) walew ka teli ka gɛlɛyabaw sɔrɔ, i n’a fɔ porosity, spatter, hot cracking, ani intergranular corrosion (sensitization).
Bi spot welding fɛɛrɛ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la Medium Frequency Inverter (MFI) welders, o bɛ fɛɛrɛ dɔ di dɔnniya ni dannaya bɛ se ka da min kan, n’o ye ka elekitorodew, paramɛtiriw ani baarakɛcogo taabolo ɲumanw kɛ cogo labɛnnen na.
I. Gɛlɛya minnu bɛ sɔrɔ a kɔnɔ ani fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛw tigɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw sɔgɔ ni nɛgɛ inox ye
Nɛgɛ min tɛ sɔgɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la austenitiki (i n’a fɔ 304 ani 316), o ka teli ka kɛ fiɲɛ ye welding waati la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la a ka thermophysique cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw fɛ:
| Nafa min bɛ gɛlɛya lase mɔgɔ ma | A kɛli sababu fɔlɔ | Modern Spot Welder ka fɛɛrɛ tigɛcogo | |
| 1 | Spatter (Sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ). | Welding current tɛmɛnen walima elekitorode fanga bɛrɛbɛrɛ, o bɛ na ni nugget wulilen gɛnni ye ni binkannikɛlan ye. | Kuran wulicogo tigitigi ani tansiyɔn jiginni fangama. |
| 2 | Porosité (porozɛni) ye | Ɔkisizɛni minnu ma gɛn walima ji minnu bɛ sɔrɔ welda yɔrɔ la, walima welda jidagayɔrɔ ka gɛlɛya joona kojugu. | Minɛ waati janya, gazi inert shielding, ani electrode dilancogo ɲuman. |
| 3 | Hot Cracking (Kɔrɔbɔli) min ka timi | Sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ degun bɛ tɛmɛ fɛn in fanga kan, welda joint solidification (sɔgɔli) funteni caman waati. | Funteni doncogo kɔlɔsili gɛlɛn, nɛnɛ teliya, ani baara kɛli ni elekitorode fɛnw ye minnu ka ɲi kosɛbɛ. |
| 4 | Sensibilisiyɔn (Sensitisation) ye | Welding thermal cycle bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛ inox to ka mɛn kojugu sensitization temperature range (450℃–850℃), o bɛ na ni intergranular corrosion ye. | Baara kɛli ni "Hard Schedule" weld ye, min bɛ dɔn ni kuran caman ye ani waati kunkurunnin, walasa ka tɛmɛ teliya la sensitisation zone fɛ. |
Bi spot welderw jiginna kosɛbɛ, fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ni porogaramuw la, walasa ka o ko kolomaw ɲɛnabɔ.
II. Fɛnɲɛnɛmako jɔnjɔn 1: Elektɔriw ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman ni a ladonni
Elektɔri bɛ baara Kɛ i n'a fɔ "bridge" welda ni baarakɛminɛn cɛ, wa a baarakɛcogo bɛ sisan danfara, funteni tilali ani degun jiginni kelen-kelen dantigɛ. Elektɔri sitɛmu ɲɛnabɔli ye fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ ye walasa ka welda nafama dɔgɔya.
1. Elektɔri fɛnw sugandili n’u waleyacogo
Walasa ka se ka nɛgɛ inox ka se ka wuli kosɛbɛ ani ka a wulicogo caman sɔrɔ, elekitorode fɛnw ka kan ka kɛ ni kuran sɛnɛcogo caman ye ani ka se ka funteni caman sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ.
- Chromium Zirconium Copper (Cr-Zr-Cu): Nin ye elekitorode fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ka caya, a bɛ se ka fɛnw ta kosɛbɛ kosɛbɛ ani ka gɛlɛya ɲuman di. A bɛ dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ elekitorode yɛrɛ sumaya la ani ka funteni bila teliya la ka taa, o bɛ elekitorode kuncɛ bali ka nɔgɔya ani ka nɔrɔ.
- Kupu Tungsten Alloy (Cu-W): A bɛ kɛ baarakɛminɛnw na minnu bɛ gɛlɛya ni sɛgɛnbaliya caman wajibiya, i n’a fɔ ka finimugu belebelebaw solda walima souda cycles minnu ka ca -frequency. Cu-W bɛ baarakɛ waati jan di ani ka ɲɔgɔnkanu sabatili sabati.
O tɛmɛnen 'kɔ, 'elektɔri ka jateminɛcogo jateminɛni nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. Ni aw ye elektrɔdi kɛcogo min bɛ wele ko spherical or truncated cone electrode design, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kuran ni degun hakɛ caya, ka kuran jɛnsɛnni bali ani ka yɔrɔ sumaya kojugu, o la, a bɛ kɛ ni weld nugget kelen ye.
2. Elektɔri ladonni taabolo sigilenw
Oksidan ni sɛgɛn min bɛ kɛ elekitorode sanfɛ, olu ye sababu fɔlɔw ye minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ni welda yɔrɔw minnu tɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma. Ladonni taabolo gɛlɛnw waleyali ye fɛnba ye walasa ka weldacogo ɲuman sabati.
- Surface dressing routine : Ni aw bɛ to ka finimugu sɔgɔ ni fɛn finmanw ye walima ni elektɔri dresser kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye, o bɛ ɔkisizɛni layini ni nɛgɛ nɔrɔlenw bɔ elekitorode sanfɛla la, ka to ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ cogo sabatilen na.
- Replacement Threshold Management : Industriw ka ko kɛlenw b’a jira ko ni elekitorode kuncɛ janya bɛ tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ 20% kan a bonya fɔlɔ la ka a sababu kɛ a sɛgɛn walima a doncogo ye, a ka kan ka wuli joona. O bɛ kuran hakɛ dɔgɔyali bali kosɛbɛ ani ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ bɔli bali min bɛ sɔrɔ elekitorodew ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔyɔrɔ caya fɛ.
III. Fɛnɲɛnɛmako jɔnjɔn 2: Paramɛtiriw kɔlɔsili hakilitigi ani funteni doncogo ɲɛnabɔli
Nɛgɛ min tɛ sɔgɔ, o bɛ se ka funteni don kosɛbɛ, o bɛ paramɛtiriw kɔlɔsili tigitigi de wajibiya walasa ka welda nugget dilancogo n’a nɛnɛ hakɛ ɲɛnabɔ. Bi spot welders bɛ baara kɛ ni hakilitigiw ka control systems ye walasa ka se ka current, time ani pressure coordination dynamique sɔrɔ.
1. "Hard/Soft Schedule" Fɛɛrɛ min bɛ Welding Current ni Time kan
Walasa ka nɛgɛ min tɛ sɔgɔ, o bali ka mɛn kojugu sensitɛri funteni hakɛ la (450℃–850℃), o min bɛ na ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye min bɛ kɛ ni jirisunw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, a ka c’a la, "Hard Schedule" welding fɛɛrɛ bɛ kɛ.
- "Hard Schedule": A bɛ baara kɛ ni sisan caman ni waati kunkurunnin faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ se teliya la wuli funteni na, ka tɛmɛ teliya la sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ yɔrɔ la, ka karɔbɔli sanji dɔgɔya ani ka fɛn in ka sɔgɔli kunbɛnni mara.
- "Soft Schedule": A bɛ baara kɛ ni kuran dɔgɔyali ni waati janyalen faralen ye ɲɔgɔn kan. Hali ni funteni donta bɛɛ bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta, funteni ni nɛnɛ hakɛ bɛ Dɔgɔya. O bɛ kɛ caman na baarakɛyɔrɔw la, yɔrɔ minnu na funteni-yɔrɔ min bɛ nɔ bila yɔrɔ la (HAZ) wajibiyalenw man gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ.
Kunnafoni minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na (Misali la M6 Fastener Spot Welding cogoya la): Ni nɛgɛ inox finmanw ye minnu janya bɛ milimɛtɛrɛ 0,8 ni milimɛtɛrɛ 1,5 cɛ, welda paramɛtiri hakɛ min bɛ fɔ, a ka c’a la:
- Welding Current: 180 A ka se 320 A ma
- Welding Time: cycle 3 (sekɔndi. 0.06 ɲɔgɔn) ka se cycle 60 ma (seginkanni. 1.2 ɲɔgɔn)
2. Degunw labɛnni fangama ani waati minɛcogo fɛɛrɛ
Elektɔri fanga tɛ nɔ bila baarakɛminɛnw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ɲɔgɔnkanu dɔrɔn na, nka a jɔyɔrɔ ka bon fana welda nugget solidification (soli) kɛcogo la.
- Tansiyɔn hakɛ : Ni nɛgɛ nɔgɔlen-kogo finmanw ye, a ka c’a la, elekitorode fanga hakɛ min bɛ fɔ, o bɛ 0,3 MPa ni 0,5 MPa cɛ. Tansiyɔn dɔgɔyali bɛ dɛmɛ ka kuran caman kɛ a daminɛ na, ka sɔrɔ tansiyɔnba bɛ kɛ ka foroko ni sɔgɔli kɔfɛ.
- Enhanced Forging Action: Welding current tigɛlen kɔfɛ, spot welder ka kan ka Hold Time janya. Degun min bɛ kɛ o waati in na (forging force) o bɛ nɛgɛ wulilen ka gɛlɛya cogo kelen na, ka gaziw ni porozi dɔgɔyali gɛn ka ɲɛ ka bɔ nugu la, o la, porosity hakɛ bɛ dɔgɔya.
3. Nɛnɛbɔlan ɲɛnabɔcogo ɲuman
Nɛnɛbɔlan nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka funteni karilenw kɔlɔsi ani ka elekitorode si janya. Bi spot welders bɛ baara kɛ ni ji lamininenw-nɛnɛbɔlanw ye minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ.
- Funteni kɔlɔsili : Kɔlɔsili gɛlɛn ka kan ka kɛ nɛnɛji funteni hakɛ kan, a ka c’a la, a bɛ donna funteni ɲini degere 5 ni degere 30 cɛ , ni bɔli funteni hakɛ dantɛmɛnen tɛ tɛmɛ degere 40 kan Nɛnɛ sabatilen, min ka dɔgɔn-, o bɛ funteni bɔ teliya la ka bɔ elekitorodew ni baarakɛminɛnw na, o bɛ elekitorode nɔgɔyali bali ani ka welda yɔrɔ nɛnɛ teliya, o min bɛ kari funtenimaw sɔrɔli bali kosɛbɛ.
IV. Fɛnɲɛnɛmako jɔnjɔn 3: Taabolo kura ni jogoɲumanya sabatili fɛɛrɛw
Fɛnɲɛnɛma ni paramɛtiriw ɲɛnabɔli kɔfɛ, spot welders ye ko kura caman don welding kɛcogo la ani sigida kɔlɔsili la walasa ka welda ɲumanw sɔrɔ.
1. Fiɲɛ lakanani sira (Gazi inert Shielding) .
Nɛgɛ min tɛ sɔgɔ, o bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ni oksizɛni ni azote ye fiɲɛ na funteni caman na, ka ɔkisizɛni ni nitiridiw dilan minnu bɛ na ni porozi ye ani ka welda fanga dɔgɔya.
- Argon Shielding : Ka Argon saniyalenba-don (saniya wajibiyalen ka ca ni 99,99%) ye welda yɔrɔ la walasa ka a tanga. Gazi min tɛ baara kɛ, o bɛ fiɲɛ bɔ ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ, ka oksidan bali-funteni caman na, wa a bɛ welda ka density ni aesthetic quality ɲɛ kosɛbɛ.
- Pulse Control (Pulse Control): Baarakɛcogo tigitigi dɔw la, pulse-controlled droplet transfer technology bɛ sira di ka se ka weld pool formation ani ka lakanani fiɲɛ datugu ka ɲɛ, o bɛ weld jogo bonya ka taa a fɛ.
2. Otomatiki Welding taabolo ani Anti-Deformation fɛɛrɛw
Baarakɛminɛn belebelebaw walima nɛgɛ gɛlɛnw kama, i n’a fɔ mobili farikolow walima fɛn marayɔrɔbaw, weldacogo ɲumanw ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka degunw tila-tila ani ka baarakɛminɛnw tiɲɛni bali.
- Solda min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni ɲɔgɔn ye: Aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ tanga welding kɛli ma min bɛ to senna yɔrɔ kelen na. O nɔ na, aw bɛ cɛmancɛ-ka-da walima sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ kɛcogo dɔ ta. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ dɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ sigida funteni hakɛ la, ka funteni jiginni ni degun tolenw dɔgɔya baarakɛminɛn kɔnɔ.
- Tight Fit-up: Ni aw bɛ finimugu finmanw solda ni u gɛlɛya ka dɔgɔn, a nafa ka bon ka a lajɛ ni baarakɛminɛnw sirilen don kosɛbɛ yɔrɔ welda yɔrɔ la, ka yɔrɔ bɛɛ bɔ yen. O ye ko jɔnjɔn ye walasa ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ bali ani ka a to weld nugget hakɛ bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma.
3. Jogoɲumanya sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni a waleyali hukumu kɔnɔ
Walasa ka spot welders ka baara kɛcogo ɲuman sabati nɛgɛ inox baarakɛcogo la, fɛn dilannikɛlaw ka kan ka waleyali hukumu bɛɛ sigi senkan ani jogoɲini siratigɛ la.
| Waleya waleyali hukumu kɔnɔ | Ladilikan nafamaw ani kuntilenna |
| Paramɛtiriw ka kunnafonidilanw sigili | Aw bɛ fɛn dɔ dabɔ min sɛgɛsɛgɛra-paramɛtiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka kunnafonidilanw ka ɲɛsin nɛgɛdaga suguya wɛrɛw ma (misali la, 304, 316L) ani u janya faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka paramɛtiriw hakili jigin teliya la ani ka kɛ tiɲɛ ye. |
| Porogaramu min bɛ kɛ ka bana kunbɛnni kɛ | Aw bɛ elekitorode siricogo ni a cili waatibolodacogo labato kosɛbɛ, ani ka to ka degun jateminɛnanw ni sisan kɔlɔsili minɛnw jateminɛ. |
| Tiɲɛ-Waati kɔlɔsili sira | Waati lakika-kɔlɔsili fɛɛrɛ dɔ sigi sen kan kuran, tension, tansiyɔn ani funteni na. Aw bɛ alarma walima ka dabila ni paramɛtiriw tɛmɛna hakɛ dantigɛlen kan, ka a lajɛ ni welda yɔrɔ bɛɛ ka ɲumanya bɛ se ka tugu. |
| Operatɛriw ka kalan | Aw bɛ baarakɛlaw ka dɔnniya kalan di baarakɛlaw ma nɛgɛ inox cogoyaw kan, farati minnu bɛ u hakili la, ani spot welder baarakɛcogo ɲɛtaa (misali la, sisan rampe kɔlɔsili). |
Jogoɲumanya sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɛɛrɛw:
- Sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲɛnama: Aw bɛ welda yɔrɔ lajɛ ni fiɲɛ tɛ a la i n’a fɔ a bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, a bɛ don a kɔnɔ, walima a ɲɛ bɛ wuli.
- Kɔrɔbɔli tiɲɛnenw : Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ walima sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛliw ye walasa ka joli dafalen sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka a jira ko welda nugu hakɛ bɛ bɛn dilancogo wajibiyalenw ma.
- Microstructural Analysis : Aw bɛ nɛgɛdaga tigɛcogo kɛ welda yɔrɔ la walasa ka welda nugget density sɛgɛsɛgɛ, Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) bonya, ani porosity walima micro{1}}cracks sɔrɔli.
Kuncɛli
Bi spot welding fɛɛrɛbɔ, n’a ye elekitorode fɛn kɔrɔw, paramɛtiriw kɔlɔsili sira hakilitigiw, ani baarakɛcogo kura taabolow fara ɲɔgɔn kan, o ye se sɔrɔ cogo labɛnnen na gɛlɛyabaw-gɛlɛyabaw kan nɛgɛso sɔgɔli la.
K’a ta funteni doncogo kɔlɔsili tigitigi la walasa ka u yɛrɛ tanga sɛgɛsɛgɛli ma, ka se degun labɛnni ma ni fanga ye walasa ka porozi ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ban, ani ka baara kɛ ni gazi inert lakanani ye walasa ka welda cɛɲi n’a fanga bonya, nin fɛɛrɛ ninnu faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka spot solderw dɛmɛ u ka se ka welding solutions constants, high-quality, ani high{1}}efficiency di nɛgɛ inox baara suguya caman ɲinini na fɛn dilanni sigidaw.
Dilanbaga minnu b’u cɛsiri ka jogo ɲuman ni baarakɛcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ, ka nin bi spot welding fɛɛrɛw dɔn kosɛbɛ ani k’u waleya, o ye gundo laban ye walasa ka se ka fɛn dilanni kuntilenna ni jogoɲumanya sariyaw sɔrɔ.
